This criterion assesses auditory processing skills in children by using at least two or more behavioral testing methods while supplying information beyond auditory processing deficits and provides a basis for individualized interventions ( 2). In addition, several audiologists with extensive experience in the clinical evaluation of auditory processing also reached a consensus on this criterion ( 8, 20, 21). The diagnostic criteria for APD recommended by ASHA are as follows: in the behavioral testing battery, at least two or more behavioral test results, two standard deviations below the mean on either one or both ears ( 1, 7) or in one test, three standard deviations below the mean on both ears. Subjective behavioral tests are divided into verbal and non-verbal tests, such as auditory discrimination tests, temporal processing tests, binaural interaction tests, dichotic speech tests, and monaural low-redundancy speech tests, among others ( 1). Therefore, the early identification of children with abnormal auditory processing, followed by an auditory intervention, bears clinical significance.Ĭurrent assessment methods used to identify abnormalities in the auditory processing function in children include subjective behavioral tests and objective electrophysiological tests ( 19). Performing top–down auditory training can effectively improve auditory processing in children with auditory processing deficits ( 17, 18). Children with speech delay, dyslexia, and ADHD are often accompanied by relatively poor auditory processing skills ( 13– 15), and children with auditory processing deficits may face problems with language, learning, and social communication.Īuditory processing deficits stem from impaired neural function in the CANS ( 1, 2) meanwhile, the plasticity of the brain structure and function can activate neurons or form effective synaptic connections within the brain ( 16). Auditory processing deficits are often comorbid with other mental developmental disorders ( 9– 12). Meanwhile, the presence of auditory processing abnormalities in children with learning difficulties reaches 30–50% ( 8). According to Chermak and Musiek, the prevalence of auditory processing deficits in children ranges from 2 to 3% ( 7). Auditory problems still occur at 0.5–1% in children with normal peripheral hearing ( 6). The proposal of an auditory processing deficit has resulted from complaints of hearing problems despite normal audiograms noted in the study by Bocca et al. These children primarily exhibit difficulty with speech-in-noise comprehension, frequently demand repetition, and have associated auditory attention and auditory memory deficits ( 4). The American Speech–Language–Hearing Association (ASHA), the American Academy of Audiology (AAA), and the British Society of Audiology (BSA) define perceptual processing deficits of auditory information by the CANS as a central auditory processing disorder (CAPD) ( 1– 3). The literature quality was considered moderate.Ĭonclusions: Auditory electrophysiological testing can be used for the characteristic identification of children with suspected APD however, the value of various electrophysiological testing methods for screening children with suspected APD requires further study.Ĭentral auditory processing is the perception of auditory information by the central auditory nervous system (CANS) and neurobiological activity in the processing of auditory information and its evoked auditory physiological potentials ( 1). These articles involved 7 electrophysiological testing techniques: click-evoked auditory brainstem responses, frequency-following responses, the binaural interaction component of the auditory brainstem responses, the middle-latency response, cortical auditory evoked potential, mismatch negativity, and P300. Results: In accordance with the inclusion criteria, 14 articles were included. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and 11 entries recommended by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality were used to evaluate the quality of the literature. Cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies that evaluated the literature for the electrophysiological assessment of children with suspected APD were independently reviewed by two researchers for literature screening, literature quality assessment, and data extraction. Methods: Computerized databases such as PubMed, Cochrane, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and EMBASE were searched for retrieval of articles since the establishment of the database through May 18, 2020. Electrophysiological studies on children with suspected APDs were systematically reviewed to understand the different electrophysiological characteristics of children with suspected APDs. Objective: This research aimed to provide evidence for the early identification and intervention of children at risk for auditory processing disorder (APD).
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